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Observers in the present usually have an advantage when it comes to interpreting events of the past. In the case of software reuse, how­ ever, it is unclear why an idea that has gained such universal accep­ tance was the source of swirling controversy when it began to be taken seriously by the software engineering community in the mid-1980's. From a purely conceptual point of view, the reuse of software de­ signs and components promises nearly risk-free benefits to the devel­ oper. Virtually every model of software cost and development effort predicts first-order dependencies on either products size or the num­ ber of steps carried out in development. Reduce the amount of new product to be developed and the cost of producing the product de­ creases. Remove development steps, and total effort is reduced. By reusing previously developed engineering products the amount of new product and the number of development steps can be reduced. In this way, reuse clearly has a major influence on reducing total development cost and effort. This, of course, raises the issue of from whence the reused products arise. There has to be a prior investment in creating "libraries of reuse products before reuse can be successfuL . . " How can organizations with a "bottom line" orientation be enticed into contributing to a reuse venture? Fortunately, the economics of reuse l resembles many other financial investment situations .

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th Software Quality Days Conference (SWQD) held in Vienna, Austria, in January 2012. The selection of presentations at the conference encompasses a mixture of practical presentations and scientific papers covering new research topics. The seven scientific full papers accepted for SWQD were each peer-reviewed by three or more reviewers and selected out of 18 high-quality submissions. Further, six short papers on promising research directions were also presented and included in order to spark discussions between researchers and practitioners. The papers are organized into topical sections on software product quality; software engineering processes; software process improvement; component-based architectures; risk management; and quality assurance and collaboration.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Software Business, ICSOB 2019, held in Jyväskylä, Finland, in November 2019. On the occasion of its tenth anniversary the conference theme this year was “The First Decade and Beyond” and focused on the development during the past decade, addressing the future of software-intensive business as well as studies on new and emerging ideas. The 18 full papers and 10 short papers presented together with 3 invited talks, 6 emerging research papers and a tutorial were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: software ecosystems; management of software products; continual improvement and product development; impacts of digitalization; software business education; software startups and digital business.

Software architecture is a primary factor in the creation and evolution of virtually all products involving software. It is a topic of major interest in the research community where pronusmg formalisms, processes, and technologies are under development. Architecture is also of major interest in industry because it is recognized as a significant leverage point for manipulating such basic development factors as cost, quality, and interval. Its importance is attested to by the fact that there are several international workshop series as well as major conference sessions devoted to it. The First Working IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSAl) provided a focused and dedicated forum for the international software architecture community to unify and coordinate its effort to advance the state of practice and research. WICSA 1 was organized to facilitate information exchange between practising software architects and software architecture researchers. The conference was held in San Antonio, Texas, USA, from February 22nd to February 24th, 1999; it was the initiating event for the new IFIP TC-2 Working Group on Software Architecture. This proceedings document contains the papers accepted for the conference. The papers in this volume comprise both experience reports and technical papers. The proceedings reflect the structure of the conference and are divided into six sections corresponding to the working groups established for the conference.